Data hiding in Python OOP is the concept of restricting access to the internal data of an object from outside the class. 🔐 It’s a way to prevent direct modification of data and protect the object’s integrity. This is typically achieved by using a naming convention that makes attributes “private” or “protected.” 🔒 How Data…

C-Style String Formatting in Python Python supports C-style string formatting using the % operator, which provides similar functionality to C’s printf() function. This method is sometimes called “old-style” string formatting but remains useful in many scenarios. Basic Syntax python “format string” % (values) Control Characters (Format Specifiers) Format Specifier Description Example Output %s String “%s” % “hello” hello %d…

Default Arguments in Python Functions Default arguments allow you to specify default values for function parameters. If a value isn’t provided for that parameter when the function is called, Python uses the default value instead. Basic Syntax python def function_name(parameter=default_value): # function body Simple Examples Example 1: Basic Default Argument python def greet(name=”Guest”): print(f”Hello, {name}!”)…

The Question Mark (?) in Python Regex The question mark ? in Python’s regular expressions has two main uses: 1. Making a Character or Group Optional (0 or 1 occurrence) This is the most common use – it makes the preceding character or group optional. Examples: Example 1: Optional ‘s’ for plural words python import re pattern…

The input() function in Python is used to take user input from the keyboard. It allows your program to interact with the user by prompting them to enter data, which can then be used in your code. By default, the input() function returns the user’s input as a string. Syntax of input() python Copy input(prompt) Key Points About input() Basic Examples of input() Example…