A user-defined exception in Python is a custom error class that you create to handle specific error conditions within your code. Instead of relying on built-in exceptions like ValueError, you define your own to make your code more readable and to provide more specific error messages. You create a user-defined exception by defining a new…
Finally Block in Exception Handling in Python The finally block in Python exception handling executes regardless of whether an exception occurred or not. It’s always executed, making it perfect for cleanup operations like closing files, database connections, or releasing resources. Basic Syntax: python try: # Code that might raise an exception except SomeException: # Handle the exception else:…
Else Block in Exception Handling in Python The else block in Python exception handling executes only if the try block completes successfully without any exceptions. It’s placed after all except blocks and before the finally block. Basic Syntax: python try: # Code that might raise an exception except SomeException: # Handle the exception else: # Code that runs only if no exception…
1. Basic try-except Block python # Basic exception handlingtry: num = int(input(“Enter a number: “)) result = 10 / num print(f”Result: {result}”)except: print(“Something went wrong!”) Example 1: Division with Zero Handling python # Handling division by zero error try: num1 = int(input(“Enter first number: “)) num2 = int(input(“Enter second number: “)) result = num1 /…
Comprehensive Examples of Python Exceptions Here are examples of common Python exceptions with simple programs: 1. SyntaxError 2. IndentationError 3. NameError 4. TypeError 5. ValueError 6. IndexError 7. KeyError 8. ZeroDivisionError 9. FileNotFoundError 10. PermissionError 11. ImportError 12. AttributeError 13. RuntimeError 14. RecursionError 15. KeyboardInterrupt 16. MemoryError 17. OverflowError 18. StopIteration 19. AssertionError 20. UnboundLocalError…
Exception handling in Python is a process of responding to and managing errors that occur during a program’s execution, allowing the program to continue running without crashing. These errors, known as exceptions, disrupt the normal flow of the program and can be caught and dealt with using a try…except block. How It Works The core…
Lambda Functions in Python Lambda functions are small, anonymous functions defined using the lambda keyword. They can take any number of arguments but can only have one expression. Basic Syntax python lambda arguments: expression Simple Examples 1. Basic Lambda Function python # Regular function def add(x, y): return x + y # Equivalent lambda function add_lambda =…
Decorators in Python A decorator is a function that modifies the behavior of another function without permanently modifying it. Decorators are a powerful tool that use closure functions. Basic Concept A decorator: Simple Example python def simple_decorator(func): def wrapper(): print(“Something is happening before the function is called.”) func() print(“Something is happening after the function is…
Closure Functions in Python A closure is a function that remembers values from its enclosing lexical scope even when the program flow is no longer in that scope. Simple Example python def outer_function(x): # This is the enclosing scope def inner_function(y): # inner_function can access ‘x’ from outer_function’s scope return x + y return inner_function…
Understanding Functions Returning Functions In Python, functions can return other functions, which is a powerful feature of functional programming. Basic Example python def outer(): def inner(): print(“Welcome!”) return inner # Return the inner function (without calling it) # Calling outer() returns the inner function f = outer() # f now refers to the inner function…