Functions as Objects and First-Class Functions in Python In Python, functions are first-class objects, which means they can be: 1. Functions as Objects In Python, everything is an object, including functions. When you define a function, you’re creating a function object. python def greet(name): return f”Hello, {name}!” # The function is an object with type ‘function’…

python Enhanced Password Strength Checker python import re def is_strong(password): “”” Check if a password is strong based on multiple criteria. Returns (is_valid, message) tuple. “”” # Define criteria and error messages criteria = [ { ‘check’: len(password) >= 8, ‘message’: “at least 8 characters” }, { ‘check’: bool(re.search(r'[A-Z]’, password)), ‘message’: “one uppercase letter (A-Z)”…

Python Program to Check Pangram Phrases What is a Pangram? A pangram is a sentence or phrase that contains every letter of the alphabet at least once. Method 1: Using Set Operations python def is_pangram_set(phrase): “”” Check if a phrase is a pangram using set operations “”” # Convert to lowercase and remove non-alphabetic characters…

Python Modules: Creation and Usage Guide What are Modules in Python? Modules are simply Python files (with a .py extension) that contain Python code, including: They help you organize your code into logical units and promote code reusability. Creating a Module 1. Basic Module Creation Create a file named mymodule.py: python # mymodule.py def greet(name): return f”Hello, {name}!”…

1. sorted() Description: Returns a new sorted list from the items in iterable. python # 1. Sort list of numbers numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2] print(sorted(numbers)) # [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9] # 2. Sort list of strings fruits = [“banana”, “apple”, “cherry”] print(sorted(fruits)) # [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’] # 3….

1. type() Description: Returns the type of an object. python # 1. Basic types print(type(5)) # <class ‘int’> print(type(3.14)) # <class ‘float’> print(type(“hello”)) # <class ‘str’> print(type(True)) # <class ‘bool’> # 2. Collection types print(type([1, 2, 3])) # <class ‘list’> print(type((1, 2, 3))) # <class ‘tuple’> print(type({1, 2, 3})) # <class ‘set’> print(type({“a”: 1})) # <class…

1. abs() Syntax: abs(x)Description: Returns the absolute value (non-negative value) of a number. Examples: python # 1. Basic negative numbers print(abs(-10)) # 10 # 2. Positive numbers remain unchanged print(abs(5.5)) # 5.5 # 3. Floating point negative numbers print(abs(-3.14)) # 3.14 # 4. Zero remains zero print(abs(0)) # 0 # 5. Complex numbers (returns magnitude) print(abs(3 +…

A recursive function is a function that calls itself to solve a problem. It works by breaking down a larger problem into smaller, identical subproblems until it reaches a base case, which is a condition that stops the recursion and provides a solution to the simplest subproblem. The two main components of a recursive function…

Global Variables In Python, a global variable is a variable that is accessible throughout the entire program. It is defined outside of any function or class. This means its scope is the entire file, and any function can access and modify its value. You can use the global keyword inside a function to modify a…

Generators in Python What is a Generator? A generator is a special type of iterator that allows you to iterate over a sequence of values without storing them all in memory at once. Generators generate values on-the-fly (lazy evaluation) using the yield keyword. Key Characteristics Basic Syntax python def generator_function(): yield value1 yield value2 yield value3 Simple Examples Example…